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Medical ultrasound, also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography, is a diagnostic imaging technique, or therapeutic application of ultrasound. It is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. Its aim is often to find a source of a disease or to exclude pathology.

Ultrasound is a radiation-free imaging test that uses sound waves to create a picture of organs, tissues, and other structures inside the body.

Doppler Ultrasound is a special technique that can be part of an ultrasound examination. It evaluates the blood flow in arteries and veins in various regions of the body including the abdomen, brain, extremities, and neck.
 
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Common Ultrasound Procedures (Non-Vascular):

• Chest - Assess the organs and structures within the chest, such as the lungs, mediastinum (area in the chest containing the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes), and pleural space (space between the lungs and the interior wall of the chest).

• Endocavitary (Transrectal Pelvic, Transrectal Prostate, Transvaginal/Endovaginal) - A type of pelvic ultrasound used by doctors to examine reproductive organs through endocavity.

• Kidney, Ureters, and Urinary Bladder (KUB), Prostate, Scrotal, Routine Pelvic (Ovaries, Prostate, Uterus) - An examination to evaluate the urinary tract and reproductive organs.

• Neonatal Transcranial - Uses sound waves to produce pictures of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid. It is most commonly performed on infants, whose skulls have not completely formed. 

• Neck, Parathyroid, Thyroid - An examination used to evaluate potential problems of the thyroid, lymph nodes and carotid arteries. 

• Soft Tissue - Ultrasound procedure to evaluate the skin and abnormalities of infections, including cellulitis, abscess, and necrotizing fasciitis. Other soft-tissue indications include the evaluation of cysts and lymph nodes.

• Whole Abdomen - Assess the organs and structures within the Abdomen (Abdominal Aorta, Biliary Tree, Gallbladder, Kidneys, Liver, Ovaries, Pancreas, Prostrate, Spleen, Urinary Bladder, Uterus).

• OB-Gyne (BPS, Pelvic, Transrectal, Transvaginal/Endovaginal) - Uses sound waves to produce pictures of a baby (embryo or fetus) within a pregnant woman, as well as the mother's uterus and ovaries. It does not use ionizing radiation, has no known harmful effects, and is the preferred method for monitoring pregnant women and their unborn babies.

 
Ultrasound-Guided Interventional Procedures:

• Paracentesis - Involves the insertion of a needle or catheter into the peritoneal cavity, which is the area between the abdominal wall and the spine. It is performed to obtain a sample or remove excess fluid (ascites) for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The sample may be examined to determine the cause of fluid accumulation, as well as to evaluate for possible infection or presence of cancer. Therapeutically, it relieves respiratory difficulty due to increased intra-abdominal pressure caused by the ascites.

• Percutaneous Biopsy (Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Masses, Kidney, Liver, Thyroid) - Medical procedure that involves taking a small sample of tissue for examination. Biopsy helps determine if a tissue sample is malignant (cancerous) and identify the cause of an unexplained infection or inflammation.
   

• Thoracentesis - Involves the puncturing of the pleural (fluid-filled) space between the lungs and the chest wall using a needle. It is used to drain the excess fluid (pleural effusion) to improve a patient’s respiratory symptoms and to collect a sample for testing.

• Ultrasound Guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy - A procedure used to remove certain stones in the kidney or upper ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) that are too large for other forms of stone treatment such as shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy.